Authors should prepare manuscripts in clear, concise, and editable form. The manuscript must be original, accurately presented, and arranged according to the structure and formatting requirements given below. Authors should ensure that all text, equations, tables, figures, citations, and references are complete and internally consistent before submission.

Manuscripts should be prepared using the JMDET manuscript format. The preferred page size is A4 with a single-column layout. The manuscript should use a consistent serif typeface such as Times New Roman in the editable Word version.

The title page should contain the following information in the order given below.

A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should be self-contained and briefly state the purpose of the study, the principal methods or approach, the major results, and the main conclusions. References should normally not be cited in the abstract. Non-standard abbreviations should be avoided; if essential, they must be defined at their first use.

Provide a suitable set of keywords immediately after the abstract that accurately represents the main subject areas, methods, applications, and concepts covered by the manuscript.

Divide the manuscript into clearly defined and numbered sections, excluding the abstract from the section numbering. Use decimal numbering for subsections and subsubsections, with each heading appearing on a separate line; use the same numbering system for internal cross-references.

The Introduction should clearly state the background, motivation, objectives, and significance of the work. It should provide sufficient context for the study without becoming an unnecessarily detailed literature survey or repeating the results.

Describe the materials, datasets, experimental setup, mathematical formulation, algorithms, models, software, procedures, and evaluation methods sufficiently to allow the work to be understood and, where applicable, reproduced. Define specialized terminology and abbreviations when first introduced.

Present the findings clearly and logically, using tables and figures where they improve understanding. Interpret the results in relation to the study objectives and relevant prior work, and discuss limitations, implications, and possible applications where appropriate. Avoid unnecessary repetition of numerical or descriptive information.

The Conclusions section should summarize the principal findings and their significance. It should not simply repeat the abstract. Where appropriate, concise statements on limitations and future work may be included.

Appendices should contain supplementary material that is useful for understanding the work but would interrupt the main narrative if included in the body of the article. If more than one appendix is used, identify them as Appendix A, Appendix B, and so on.

Equations, tables, and figures in appendices should be numbered using the appendix identifier, for example Eq. (A.1), Table A.1, and Fig. A.1.

Mathematical expressions must be submitted as editable text rather than images. Simple formulae may be included in line, while displayed equations should be numbered consecutively when referred to in the text. Use italic type for mathematical variables and maintain consistent symbols and notation throughout the manuscript. Do not insert equations as screenshots or raster images.

Tables must be editable and should not be submitted as images. Number tables consecutively according to their first appearance in the text. Captions should be concise and informative, with notes placed below the table where required. Avoid unnecessary duplication with the main text, as well as vertical rules and excessive cell shading.

Figures should be numbered consecutively according to their first citation in the manuscript. Artwork must be clear, legible, and appropriately sized, with consistent lettering, symbols, line weights, and sizing. Embed fonts where possible and ensure that important information is not conveyed by colour alone.

Suitable vector or high-resolution raster formats should be used. For raster images, a minimum resolution of 300 dpi is recommended for colour or grayscale images, 1000 dpi for line drawings, and 500 dpi for combined line and halftone artwork.

Figure captions should be concise, supplied separately from the figures, and explain any symbols or abbreviations used.

Define non-standard abbreviations at their first occurrence in the main text. Abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract should be defined at first use in the abstract as well. Use the same abbreviation consistently throughout the manuscript.

Acknowledgements should appear in a separate section near the end of the manuscript, before the references. Acknowledge individuals or organizations that provided research assistance, technical support, language assistance, proofreading, or other meaningful contributions that do not qualify for authorship.

Funding information should identify the organization or institution that supported the research and, where applicable, provide grant or award numbers.

Footnotes should be used sparingly and numbered consecutively. They should not replace references and must not be included in the reference list.

Every reference cited in the manuscript must appear in the reference list, and every reference listed must be cited in the text. Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of all bibliographic information, including author names, titles, journal details, publication year, volume, pages or article numbers, and DOI.

Provide the DOI whenever available to facilitate reliable identification and linking of cited publications. For web references, include the complete URL and access date. Authors should verify all bibliographic information before submission.

Relevant datasets should be cited in the text and included in the reference list with the dataset author(s), title, repository, version where available, year, and persistent identifier. Preprints should be clearly identified, and where a peer-reviewed publication has subsequently become available, the formal publication should normally be cited.

Highlights may be submitted as a separate editable file where requested. They should briefly communicate the novel findings, methods, or significant contributions of the work.

Research articles present new scientific results within the scope of the journal that have not been published previously and are not being considered for publication elsewhere.

Review articles provide critical accounts and comprehensive surveys of topics of major current interest within the scope of the journal.

Please note that we accept Review articles of any length under the 'Review' article type.